Institutet för Medicinsk Yoga · Värtavägen 35, nb · 115 29 Stockholm · Tel 08-21 03 30
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Under denna rubrik finns forskning om psyket och känslolivet i samband med olika yogiska aktiviteter. Sammandragen ligger i kronologisk ordning.
F.n. finns totalt 16 sammandrag ur olika forskningsrapporter under rubriken ”Psyke/Känslor”
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J Affect Disord 2000 Jan-Mar;57(1-3):255-9
Antidepressant efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine.
Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Harish MG, Subbakrishna DK, Vedamurthachar A.
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
BACKGROUND: Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a procedure that involves essentially rhythmic hyperventilation at different rates of breathing. The antidepressant efficacy of SKY was demonstrated in dysthymia in a prospective, open clinical trial. This study compared the relative antidepressant efficacy of SKY in melancholia with two of the current standard treatments, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine (IMN). METHODS: Consenting, untreated melancholic depressives (n=45) were hospitalized and randomized equally into three treatment groups. They were assessed at recruitment and weekly thereafter for four weeks. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the total scores on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) occurred on successive occasions in all three groups. The groups, however, did not differ. Significant interaction between the groups and occasion of assessment occurred. At week three, the SKY group had higher scores than the ECT group but was not different from the IMN group. Remission (total HRSD score of seven or less) rates at the end of the trial were 93, 73 and 67% in the ECT, IMN and SKY groups, respectively. No clinically significant side effects were observed. DISCUSSION: Within the limitations of the design (lack of double blind conditions), it can be concluded that, although inferior to ECT, SKY can be a potential alternative to drugs in melancholia as a first line treatment.
Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Harish MG, Subbakrishna DK, Vedamurthachar A.
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
BACKGROUND: Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a procedure that involves essentially rhythmic hyperventilation at different rates of breathing. The antidepressant efficacy of SKY was demonstrated in dysthymia in a prospective, open clinical trial. This study compared the relative antidepressant efficacy of SKY in melancholia with two of the current standard treatments, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine (IMN). METHODS: Consenting, untreated melancholic depressives (n=45) were hospitalized and randomized equally into three treatment groups. They were assessed at recruitment and weekly thereafter for four weeks. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the total scores on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) occurred on successive occasions in all three groups. The groups, however, did not differ. Significant interaction between the groups and occasion of assessment occurred. At week three, the SKY group had higher scores than the ECT group but was not different from the IMN group. Remission (total HRSD score of seven or less) rates at the end of the trial were 93, 73 and 67% in the ECT, IMN and SKY groups, respectively. No clinically significant side effects were observed. DISCUSSION: Within the limitations of the design (lack of double blind conditions), it can be concluded that, although inferior to ECT, SKY can be a potential alternative to drugs in melancholia as a first line treatment.
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J Affect Disord 1998 Jul;50(1):45-8
P300 amplitude and antidepressant response to Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY).
Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Subbakrishna DK.
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has significant antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined whether pretreatment P300 ERP amplitude predicts antidepressant response to SKY. METHODS: Consenting, drug-free depressed patients (n = 30; dysthymics, 15, melancholics, 15) who received SKY as the sole treatment were assessed clinically at pretreatment, 1 month and 3 months. Auditory P300 was recorded before treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients responded favourably to SKY. The pretreatment P300 amplitude neither distinguished responders and non-responders nor was associated with differential rates of response. DISCUSSION: It is concluded that SKY therapy is uniformly effective regardless of the pretreatment P300 amplitude.
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Naga Venkatesha Murthy PJ, Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Subbakrishna DK.
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has significant antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined whether pretreatment P300 ERP amplitude predicts antidepressant response to SKY. METHODS: Consenting, drug-
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Int J Neurosci 1996 Mar;85(1-2):1-17
Clinical case report: efficacy of yogic techniques in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorders.
Shannahoff-Khalsa DS, Beckett LR.
Research Group for Mind-Body Dynamics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0402, USA.
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of yogic techniques in the treatment of eight adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A specific yogic breathing pattern has been prescribed for the treatment of OCD, as well as others for treating generalized anxiety. A one year course of therapy was followed. Subjects improved on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) comparing baseline with three, six, nine, & 12 month results (one-way ANOVA for repeated measures, F(4,12) = 3.343, p < or = .046). Five patients completed the study (Y-BOCS results were 83%, 79%, 65%, 61% improvement, and one at-18%), group mean improvement of +54%. The Symptoms Checklist-90-R showed significant improvement comparing baseline and 12 months using two-tailed T-tests for OCD (t = 13.856, p < .001), anxiety (t = 3.167, p < .051), and global severity indexes (t = 7.314, p = .005). Perceived Stress Scale scores showed significant improvement for the five test periods (one-way ANOVA for repeated measures, F(4,12) = 9.114, p < or = .001). Five patients were well stabilized on fluoxetine prior to the study, three stopped medication after seven months or less, and two significantly reduced it, one by 25% and the other by 50%. These techniques, merit further study under controlled conditions and could help lead to new approaches for the treatment of OCD and perhaps other impulse control and anxiety-related disorders.
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Shannahoff-
Research Group for Mind-
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of yogic techniques in the treatment of eight adults with obsessive-
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Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1995 May;17(3):192-200
Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Miller JJ, Fletcher K, Kabat-Zinn J.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
A previous study of 22 medical patients with DSM-III-R-defined anxiety disorders showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in subjective and objective symptoms of anxiety and panic following an 8-week outpatient physician-referred group stress reduction intervention based on mindfulness meditation. Twenty subjects demonstrated significant reductions in Hamilton and Beck Anxiety and Depression scores postintervention and at 3-month follow-up. In this study, 3-year follow-up data were obtained and analyzed on 18 of the original 22 subjects to probe long-term effects. Repeated measures analysis showed maintenance of the gains obtained in the original study on the Hamilton [F(2,32) = 13.22; p < 0.001] and Beck [F(2,32) = 9.83; p < 0.001] anxiety scales as well as on their respective depression scales, on the Hamilton panic score, the number and severity of panic attacks, and on the Mobility Index-Accompanied and the Fear Survey. A 3-year follow-up comparison of this cohort with a larger group of subjects from the intervention who had met criteria for screening for the original study suggests generalizability of the results obtained with the smaller, more intensively studied cohort. Ongoing compliance with the meditation practice was also demonstrated in the majority of subjects at 3 years. We conclude that an intensive but time-limited group stress reduction intervention based on mindfulness meditation can have long-term beneficial effects in the treatment of people diagnosed with anxiety disorders.
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Miller JJ, Fletcher K, Kabat-
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
A previous study of 22 medical patients with DSM-
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Cesk Psychiatr 1994 Jun;90(3):149-57
Approaches in the treatment of pathologic gambling
Article in Czech
Nespor K.
In the treatment of pathological gambling the diagnosis, treatment of the accessory psychopathology and the somatic condition are important. Motivation training, behavioural and reality-oriented therapy, modification of the lifestyle relaxation techniques and yoga proved useful. There is also experience with dynamically oriented treatment techniques self-esteem reinforcement, training of social skills, strategies which promote impulse control, artetherapy, group therapy, provision of relevant information etc. Family therapy is important both for a pathological gambler and his/her relatives. Very important is contact with the family of the pathological gambler for his own treatment and with regard to the needs of his/her relatives. A therapeutic approach common abroad is participation in a self-help group, Gamblers Anonymous.
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Article in Czech
Nespor K.
In the treatment of pathological gambling the diagnosis, treatment of the accessory psychopathology and the somatic condition are important. Motivation training, behavioural and reality-
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Cas Lek Cesk 1994 May 16;133(10):295-7
Use of yoga in psychiatry
Article in Czech
Nespor K.
Psychiatricka lecebna v Praze 8, Narodni centrum podpory zdravi, Praha.
The author gives an account of his experience with the application of yoga in prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug related problems, in psychosomatic medicine, sexuology, treatment of neuroses, in gerontopsychiatry etc. The problem when using yoga in psychiatry is active cooperation; systemic interactions must be foreseen, it is important to warn against competitiveness and specific indications and contraindications of different yoga exercises must be respected. Yoga is also a suitable element of prevention of professional stress in the health services.
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Article in Czech
Nespor K.
Psychiatricka lecebna v Praze 8, Narodni centrum podpory zdravi, Praha.
The author gives an account of his experience with the application of yoga in prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug related problems, in psychosomatic medicine, sexuology, treatment of neuroses, in gerontopsychiatry etc. The problem when using yoga in psychiatry is active cooperation; systemic interactions must be foreseen, it is important to warn against competitiveness and specific indications and contraindications of different yoga exercises must be respected. Yoga is also a suitable element of prevention of professional stress in the health services.
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J R Soc Med 1993 May;86(5):254-8
Mood change and perceptions of vitality: a comparison of the effects of relaxation, visualization and yoga.
Wood C.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford.
The effects of three different procedures, relaxation, visualization and yogic breathing and stretch (pranayama) on perceptions of physical and mental energy and on positive and negative mood states have been assessed in a group of normal volunteers (N = 71, age range 21-76). Pranayama produced a significantly greater increase in perceptions of mental and physical energy and feelings of alertness and enthusiasm than the other two procedures (P < 0.5). Relaxation made subjects significantly more sleepy and sluggish immediately after the session than pranayama (P < 0.05). Visualization made them more sluggish but less content than pranayama (P < 0.05) and more upset than relaxation after the second session (P < 0.05). Thus, a 30 min programme of yogic stretch and breathing exercises which is simple to learn and which can be practised even by the elderly had a markedly 'invigorating' effect on perceptions of both mental and physical energy and increased high positive mood. A more extensive investigation is planned to establish whether such a programme can readily be incorporated into everyday life, and with what long-term results.
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Wood C.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford.
The effects of three different procedures, relaxation, visualization and yogic breathing and stretch (pranayama) on perceptions of physical and mental energy and on positive and negative mood states have been assessed in a group of normal volunteers (N = 71, age range 21-
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Int J Psychosom 1993;40(1-4):105-7
Twelve years of experience with yoga in psychiatry.
Nespor K.
National Center for Health Promotion, Psychiatric Hospital, Prague.
The author describes his experience with the use of yoga in the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug related problems, in psychosomatics, neuroses, geriatric psychiatry, and in some other areas. He deals with problems of the use of yoga in psychiatry like compliance, systems aspect, competitiveness and respecting specific indications in regard to health status and contraindications with personal differences. The usefulness of yoga in the prevention of stress and burn-out in health care professionals is emphasized.
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Nespor K.
National Center for Health Promotion, Psychiatric Hospital, Prague.
The author describes his experience with the use of yoga in the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug related problems, in psychosomatics, neuroses, geriatric psychiatry, and in some other areas. He deals with problems of the use of yoga in psychiatry like compliance, systems aspect, competitiveness and respecting specific indications in regard to health status and contraindications with personal differences. The usefulness of yoga in the prevention of stress and burn-
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Percept Mot Skills 1992 Dec;75(3 Pt 2):1331-43
Mood alteration with yoga and swimming: aerobic exercise may not be necessary.
Berger BG, Owen DR.
Department of Physical Education, Brooklyn College, City University of New York 11210.
The mood benefits of Hatha yoga and swimming, two activities that differ greatly in aerobic training benefits, were examined. College students (N = 87) in two swimming classes, a yoga class, and a lecture-control class completed mood and personality inventories before and after class on three occasions. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that both yoga participants (n = 22) and swimmers (n = 37) reported greater decreases in scores on Anget, Confusion, Tension, and Depression than did the control students (n = 28). The consistent mood benefits of yoga supported our earlier observation that the exercise need not be aerobic to be associated with mood enhancement. However, underlying and causal mechanisms remain uncertain. Among the men, the acute decreases in Tension, Fatigue, and Anger after yoga were significantly greater than those after swimming. Yoga may be even more beneficial than swimming for men who personally select to participate. The women reported fairly similar mood benefits after swimming and yoga. It seems that aerobic exercise may not be necessary to facilitate the mood benefits. Also, students with greater mood changes attended class more regularly than those who reported fewer psychological benefits. Maximizing the immediate psychological benefits of exercise might be one way to encourage adults to be physically active.
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Berger BG, Owen DR.
Department of Physical Education, Brooklyn College, City University of New York 11210.
The mood benefits of Hatha yoga and swimming, two activities that differ greatly in aerobic training benefits, were examined. College students (N = 87) in two swimming classes, a yoga class, and a lecture-
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Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992 Apr;36(2):88-92
Effect of Santhi Kriya on certain psychophysiological parameters: a preliminary study.
Satyanarayana M, Rajeswari KR, Rani NJ, Krishna CS, Rao PV.
Institute for Yoga & Consciousness, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.
Santhi Kriya is a mixture of combined yogic practices of breathing and relaxation. Preliminary attempts were made to determine the effect of Santhi Kriya on certain psychophysiological parameters. Eight healthy male volunteers of the age group 25.9 +/- 3 (SD) years were subjected to Santhi Kriya practice daily for 50 minutes for 30 days. The volunteer's body weight, blood pressure, oral temperature, pulse rate, respiration, ECG and EEG were recorded before and after the practice on the 1st day and subsequently on 10th, 20th and 30th day of their practice. They were also given a perceptual acuity test to know their cognitive level on the 1st day and also at the end of the study i.e., on the 30th day. Results indicate a gradual and significant decrease in the body weight from 1st to 30th day (P less than 0.001) and an increase in alpha activity of the brain (P less than 0.001) during the course of 30 days of Santhi Kriya practice. Increase of alpha activity both in occipital and pre-frontal areas of both the hemispheres of the brain denotes an increase of calmness. This study also revealed that Santhi Kriya practice increases oral temperature by 3 degrees F and decreases respiratory rate significantly (P less than 0.05) on all practice days. Other parameters were not found to be altered significantly. It is concluded that the Santhi Kriya practice for 30 days reduces body weight and increases calmness.
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Satyanarayana M, Rajeswari KR, Rani NJ, Krishna CS, Rao PV.
Institute for Yoga & Consciousness, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.
Santhi Kriya is a mixture of combined yogic practices of breathing and relaxation. Preliminary attempts were made to determine the effect of Santhi Kriya on certain psychophysiological parameters. Eight healthy male volunteers of the age group 25.9 +/-
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Acta Paedopsychiatr 1992;55(2):115-20
Relaxation therapy reduces anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric patients.
Platania-Solazzo A, Field TM, Blank J, Seligman F, Kuhn C, Schanberg S, Saab P.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, School of Medicine, FL 33101.
The immediate effects of relaxation therapy (RT) were assessed in 40 hospitalized children and adolescents with diagnoses of adjustment disorder and depression. These effects were assessed using a within subjects pre-test/post-test design and by comparison with a control group of 20 depressed and adjustment disorder patients who watched a 1-h relaxing videotape. The 1-h RT class consisted of yoga exercise, a brief massage and progressive muscle relaxation. Decreases were noted in both self-reported anxiety and in anxious behavior and fidgeting as well as increases in positive affect in the RT but not the video group. In addition, adjustment disorder patients and a third of the depressed patients showed decreases in cortisol levels following RT, while no changes were noted in the video group. Thus, both diagnostic groups appeared to benefit from the RT class.
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Platania-
Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, School of Medicine, FL 33101.
The immediate effects of relaxation therapy (RT) were assessed in 40 hospitalized children and adolescents with diagnoses of adjustment disorder and depression. These effects were assessed using a within subjects pre-
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Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1991 Jul;35(3):191-4
A comparative study of the driving effects of dextroamphetamine and yogic meditation on muscle control for the performance of balance on balance board.
Dhume RR, Dhume RA.
Department of Physiology, Goa Medical College, Bambolim.
The work is aimed to compare the relative strength of dextroamphetamine and yogic meditation on the performance of 3 different groups of medical students to concentrate on the task to balance on a balance board. Group A subjects were mediators, group B subjects were given orally 5 and 10 mg of dextroamphetamine in a capsule, 1 hr prior to the test. Group C subjects were given same capsule but with lactose in place of the drug (placebo). This last groups served as control for the study. The balance index calculated taking into account their balance time and error score at each trial of 5 min duration showed that the performance of the group B (drug) had declined with overall percentile fall of 40.6% as compared to the performance of the controls (placebo) whereas, the performance of Group A (meditators) went on steadily and progressively increasing throughout the period of 10 trial days with overall percentile rise of 27.8%. The results were conclusive to confirm earlier reports that amphetamine is not of use for improvement of task rather, it deteriorates the task performance. Contrary to that, yogic meditation is of merit to achieve concentration for mental as well as physical task.
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Dhume RR, Dhume RA.
Department of Physiology, Goa Medical College, Bambolim.
The work is aimed to compare the relative strength of dextroamphetamine and yogic meditation on the performance of 3 different groups of medical students to concentrate on the task to balance on a balance board. Group A subjects were mediators, group B subjects were given orally 5 and 10 mg of dextroamphetamine in a capsule, 1 hr prior to the test. Group C subjects were given same capsule but with lactose in place of the drug (placebo). This last groups served as control for the study. The balance index calculated taking into account their balance time and error score at each trial of 5 min duration showed that the performance of the group B (drug) had declined with overall percentile fall of 40.6% as compared to the performance of the controls (placebo) whereas, the performance of Group A (meditators) went on steadily and progressively increasing throughout the period of 10 trial days with overall percentile rise of 27.8%. The results were conclusive to confirm earlier reports that amphetamine is not of use for improvement of task rather, it deteriorates the task performance. Contrary to that, yogic meditation is of merit to achieve concentration for mental as well as physical task.
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J Ment Defic Res 1989 Oct;33 ( Pt 5):415-21
The integrated approach of yoga: a therapeutic tool for mentally retarded children: a one-year controlled study.
Uma K, Nagendra HR, Nagarathna R, Vaidehi S, Seethalakshmi R.
Vivekanandra Kendra Yoga Research Foundation, Bangalore, India.
Ninety children with mental retardation of mild, moderate and severe degree were selected from four special schools in Bangalore, India. Forty-five children underwent yogic training for one academic year (5 h in every week) with an integrated set of yogic practices, including breathing exercises and pranayama, sithilikarana vyayama (loosening exercises), suryanamaskar, yogasanas and meditation. They were compared before and after yogic training with a control group of 45 mentally retarded children matched for chronological age, sex, IQ, socio-economic status and socio environmental background who were not exposed to yoga training but continued their usual school routine during that period. There was highly significant improvement in the IQ and social adaptation parameters in the yoga group as compared to the control group. This study shows the efficacy of yoga as an effective therapeutic tool in the management of mentally retarded children.
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Uma K, Nagendra HR, Nagarathna R, Vaidehi S, Seethalakshmi R.
Vivekanandra Kendra Yoga Research Foundation, Bangalore, India.
Ninety children with mental retardation of mild, moderate and severe degree were selected from four special schools in Bangalore, India. Forty-
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Bull Narc 1988;40(1):43-9
Rehabilitation of drug-addicted persons: the experience of the Nav-Chetna Center in India.
Sharma K, Shukla V.
Nav-Chetna Drug De-addiction and Rehabilitation Center, Varanasi, India.
The Nav-Chetna Drug De-addiction and Rehabilitation Center, Varanasi, India, was established in December 1985. It provides out-patient and residential rehabilitation services, medical treatment, counseling, educational and vocational guidance, yoga therapy and after care. Drug-dependent persons under rehabilitation treatment at the Center are encouraged and helped to promote personal development, to build up and strengthen their initiative and confidence and to bring about improvements in their maturation, attitude and behaviour to overcome drug addiction. This is accomplished through a therapeutic-oriented programme, which creates conditions that optimize the natural tendency of the individual to self-actualize and eventually stabilize. Yoga plays a crucial role in this programme at both pre- and post-clinical stages. It offers a new avenue for positive mental and physical health and helps to free individuals from drug dependency and its associated problems.
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Sharma K, Shukla V.
Nav-
The Nav-
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Percept Mot Skills 1985 Aug;61(1):279-84
Systematic changes in perceptual reactance induced by physical fitness training.
Campbell JF, Stenstrom RJ, Bertrand D.
The effect of life-change events on perceptual augmentation-reduction was studied in 72 subjects (40 men, 32 women). In three experiments the kinesthetic figural aftereffect was measured prior to and after either a physical fitness program, a course in yoga, or training in Transcendental Meditation. Each program lasted a minimum of 8 wk. Subjects completing fitness training, all of whom were initially classified as augmenters, became reducers by the end of their program. Subjects enrolled in yoga and meditation courses remained relatively stable in their perceptual tendencies.
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Campbell JF, Stenstrom RJ, Bertrand D.
The effect of life-
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Psychother Psychosom 1979;31(1-4):373-81
Yoga as therapy in psychosomatic medicine.
Goyeche JR.
Yoga as therapy with psychosomatic disorders has been practiced for many centuries in India, and only recently has become utilized for this purpose in other countries. The yoga system evolved as a 'system of liberation' to allow man to discriminate between his ego-self and pure consciousness, and as such, its medical benefits are really 'side-effects'. Integral yoga practice, however, with which many other self-regulatory somatopsychic approaches have much in common, consists of a holistic technology which functions to restore optimal homeostatis by a variety of special techniques not found in other approaches. Clinical observations of psychosomatic patients indicate that their distorted somatopsychic functioning necessitates their practice of yoga-like therapy. A review of the clinical evidence available indicates that yoga practice has proven most effective with a wide range of psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders. The effectiveness of yoga can be partially understood in terms of neurophysiological theory.
Goyeche JR.
Yoga as therapy with psychosomatic disorders has been practiced for many centuries in India, and only recently has become utilized for this purpose in other countries. The yoga system evolved as a 'system of liberation' to allow man to discriminate between his ego-
